 I n the recent
years, a good number of Buddhist sites
have been explored and excavated
throughout length and breadth of the
State. Excavations were conducted at
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Dantapuram
The excavations
were carried out in Dantapuram to
prove that the site is of Buddhist
nature. It is identified as
Dhantavaktruni kota in the Buddhist
literature. According to the
Buddhist literature, a stupa was
raised on both relic at this place.
Excavations revealed four brick
votive stupas. Associated with
structures, good number of
antiquities such as beads of
Terracotta, semi precious stone
beads, ornaments, stone objects like
muller, quems and white stone, bone
objects like stylus and comb.
Various kinds of pottery includes
dull red ware, red ware, red
polished ware, black ware, black
polished ware etc.
It is interesting to note that
occurrence of typical knobbed ware
of greyish black, polished black,
and red colours with prominent knob
at the centre and with or without
grooves, in the inner base. The
prolific occurrence of this type
along with N.B.P. ware was reported
at Sisupalgarh in Orissa State which
is very near, dated to 300 B.C. -
250 B.C. It is proved that people of
the area had trade contacts with
Orissa i.e. Kalinga desa. It is also
possible to propagate Buddhism from
North India to South India passing
through Dantapuram on to Sri Lanka.
Basing on the archaeological
evidences, Buddhism is between the
3rd C.B.C. to 1st century A.D.
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Thotlakonda
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Bavikonda
It lies at a
distance of 16kms from the town of
Visakhapatnam, along the beach road,
leading to Bheemunipatnam.
Excavations (1982-87) on the hilltop
brought to light an extensive
Buddhist establishment consisting of
a Mahachaitya, embedded with relic
caskets, large vihara complex, a
number of votive stupas, a stone
pillared congregation hall,
rectangular halls, a refectory etc.
In association with these structures
were recovered, a Satavahana lead
coin, three Roman silver coins,
fragments of Brahmi label
inscriptions, Buddhapada slabs
decorated with asthamangala symbols
and other early historic cultural
milieu, datable from 3rd CBC to 3rd
CAD. While attending to the
conservation work of the Mahachaitya,
five receptacles containing silver
and gold caskets were recovered from
the inner brick course of the anda,
at diagonal points, exactly facing
the ayaka platforms.
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Pavurallakonda
Pavurallakonda or
Pavurallabodu is the local name of a
hill, popularly known as
Narasimhaswamykonda, near Bhimili
about 30 Km from Visakhapatnam.
During the course of the
exploration, nearly 14-16 rock-cut
troughs or cisterns were found hewn
into the bed rock. Near the entrance
of the tank were found two Brahmi
label inscriptions. Trial
excavations in the habitation,
revealed foundations of Viharas with
cells and common verandah, circular
chaitya grihas, votive stupas, halls
etc. Associated with the structures
were found two Satavahana coins, a
Roman coin, inscribed pot sherds,
besides black and red ware, black
polished ware, beads etc. Basing on
the above cultural material and
epigraphical source, the site can be
dated between 3rd CBC and 2nd CAD. A
dislodged small empty copper casket,
in two parts, i.e., the upper lid
and the lower container, was
recovered while exposing the votive
stupa no. 1 situated near the tank.
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Gopalpatnam
Excavations were
taken up to expose brick built
stupas, viharas, votive stupas which
were noticed during the course of
explorations. A stupa built on
terraced platform was at this site,
along with the structures, stucco
figures, tiles, lajja Gouri figurine
and male figures and terracotta
beads and ware red, ware, knobbed
ware, rouletted ware etc. and label
inscription basing on the
archaeological evidences, the site
can be dated to a period between 1st
CAD and 5th CAD.
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Erravaram, Adurru,
Kesanapally
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Phanigiri
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Dharapalem
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Majeru
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Nelakondapalle (Khammam
Dist.):
A Buddhist
site in Khammam district is an
example of Ikshvakus -Vishnukundin
times. The excavations brought to
light a number of huge standing
Buddha images, Vishnukundin coins,
Vlharas, maha chaitya, votive stupas,
terracotta figurines, early historic
pottery and bronze image of Buddha.
This site probably served as a link
between coastal and Telangana areas
for traders and also to Buddhist
monks. Basing on the archaeological
evidences, the date of the site is
in between 3rd and 5th CAD.
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Peddabankur
It
is located in Peddapalli Taluk,
Karimnagar district. It is an early
historic habitation site. The
excavations here revealed /exposed
apsidal rubbled walled structures,
brick structures, brick built and
terracotta wolf etc. It also
revealed punch marked coins, Roman
and Satavahana coins; Iron objects
include agricultural, carpentary and
domestic implements, weapons such as
spear heads, spikes, arrow heads
etc., other antiquities include
seals, beads and bangles, terracotta
and Kayolin human figures, antimony
rods, dice, coin moulds etc. The
Ceramic Industry include red and
black ware, red polished, dull red
ware, black polished ware. The shape
of pottery include storage jars,
water vessels, carinated bowls, lid
cum bowls, deep bowls, dishes,
globular vessels, spherical bowls,
lotas, pyriform vessels, ring stands
etc. One
terracotta seal is inscribed in
Brahmi as'Mahatalavarasa Vajasamika
Seva Sabha' A beautiful horse
without trappings was stamped in the
middle of the inscription. At the
back of the seal, is an impression
of head. The Brahmi characters are
datable to 1st C.A.D.
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Gajulabanda
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Kotilingala
This early historic site is located
in Peddapalli Taluk of Karimnagar
district. Excavations at the place
exposed brick built wells, drains,
granaries, apsidal houses with
rubble foundations, early historic
pottery, Brahmi label inscriptions,
beads, a good number of punch marked
coins, pre Satavahana and Satavahana
coins. Other antiquities include
dice, bangle pieces, moulds, beads
of semi precious and terracottas,
ivory combs, weights, shell bangles,
terracotta figures etc.
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Dhulikatta
It is located
in Peddapalli Taluk of Karimnagar
district. Excavations in this early
historic site exposed brick built
remains of gateways, Mahastupa,
residential houses, wells, punch
marked, Roman and Satavahana coins,
beads, iron objects, dice,
terracotta beads, ivory seals,
bangle pieces, ivory combs, gold
objects, measures, bronze figure of
mother and child (Ankadhathri) etc.The pottery
yielded from the site include dark-
red ware, black and red ware, red
ware, black polished ware, tan ware,
pale red ware etc. Types of pottery
include storage jars, jars, water
vessels, carinated bowls, lid cum
bowls, deep bowls, dishes, globular
vessels, lotas, pyriform vessels
etc.
Dhulikatta
excavation has yielded an
exquisitely carved ivory seal in the
shape of cup on a pedestal. It has a
Brahmi inscription datable to 2nd
CAD, which reads "Ajani Siriya Game
Kumariya". In the middle of the
inscription some numericals are
inscribed which may indicate number
seven.
Another important
find is the mother and child (Ankadhatri)
casted in bronze/copper. The mother
is seated on a pedestal with legs
dangling. She holds a child in her
left hand while the right hand rests
on her knee. The figure may be dated
to Circa 2nd C.B.C.
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Chandavaram

Excavations conducted at Chandavaram
exposed maha stupa built on terraced
platform, apsidal chaityagriha
votive stupas, drum slabs,
Satavahana coins, Brahmi label
inscriptions dated to 2nd CBC to 2nd
CAD were recorded. The absence of
Ayaka pillars at Chandavaram shows
the existence of Hinayana form of
Buddhism in the remote areas. The
Chandavaram site lies on the route
leading to South and served as
trading centre. Another stupa nearby
the site is Dupadu.
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Dupadu
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Nandalur
All these Buddhist
sites are located on trade route from
Kalinga to Sri Lanka and another Kalinga
to Karnataka via Rayalaseema area. The
excavations conducted at the Buddhist
sites in North coastal Andhra, Telangana,
Rayalaseema areas proved to be centres
of Theravada School of Buddhism, that
flourished almost contemporaries on the
hill tops. |